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PCOS – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Management | Complete Guide (English + Roman Urdu)

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By:Professor Dr.Abdul Rehman Yousaf 

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What is PCOS? 

English:
PCOS, or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS produce higher-than-normal levels of androgens (male hormones), which may cause irregular menstrual cycles, cysts in the ovaries, weight gain, and fertility issues.

Roman Urdu:
PCOS yaani Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ek aam hormonal masla hai jo zyada tar reproductive age ki aurton ko hota hai. Is mein ovaries zyada male hormones banati hain jo periods irregular, ovaries mein cysts, wazan barhna, aur pregnancy mein mushkil ka sabab bante hain.

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Causes of PCOS 

English:
Although the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, the main contributing factors include:

1. Genetics – Family history increases risk.
2. Insulin Resistance – High insulin levels stimulate more androgen production.
3. Hormonal Imbalance – Excess male hormones disrupt ovulation.
4. Low-Grade Inflammation – Causes the ovaries to produce more androgens.

Roman Urdu:
PCOS ka asal reason maloom nahi, lekin kuch factors yeh hain:

1. Genetics – Agar family mein kisi ko PCOS hai to risk barh jata hai.
2. Insulin Resistance – Zyada insulin se male hormones zyada bante hain.
3. Hormonal Imbalance – Ovulation ka system bigar jata hai.
4. Soozish (Inflammation) – Ovaries ko zyada hormones banane par majboor karti hai.

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Common Symptoms of PCOS 

English:

• Irregular or absent periods
• Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
• Acne and oily skin
• Weight gain (especially belly fat)
• Thinning hair on scalp
• Difficulty conceiving
• Dark skin patches (acanthosis nigricans)

Roman Urdu:

• Periods ka irregular ya band ho jana
• Chehre aur body par zyada baal
• Pimples aur oily skin
• Wazan ka barhna (khas tor pe pet par charbi)
• Sar ke baalon ka patla hona
• Pregnancy mein mushkil
• Skin par kaali moti lines

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Diagnosis of PCOS 

English:
PCOS is diagnosed through:

• Medical history & symptom review
• Physical examination (hair growth, acne, weight)
• Blood tests (hormone levels, insulin, cholesterol)
• Pelvic ultrasound (detects cysts in ovaries)

Roman Urdu:
PCOS ka pata chalane ke liye:

• History aur symptoms check kiye jate hain
• Physical examination (baal, pimples, wazan)
• Blood tests (hormones, sugar, cholesterol)
• Ultrasound (ovaries ke cysts dekhne ke liye)

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Complications of Untreated PCOS 

English:
If left untreated, PCOS can lead to:

• Infertility
• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Endometrial cancer risk
• Sleep apnea
• Depression and anxiety

Roman Urdu:
Agar PCOS ka ilaj na ho to yeh masail ho sakte hain:

• Banjarpan (pregnancy na hona)
• Type 2 diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Dil ke masail
• Bacha-dani ke cancer ka risk
• Sone mein rukawat
• Depression aur anxiety

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PCOS Treatment Options 

1. Lifestyle Modifications 

English:

• Maintain a healthy diet (low carbs, high fiber, lean protein)
• Exercise regularly (30 minutes daily)
• Manage stress with yoga or meditation
• Sleep 7-8 hours daily

Roman Urdu:

• Sehatmand diet (kam carbs, zyada fiber, lean protein)
• Rozana exercise (30 minutes)
• Yoga aur meditation se stress kam karein
• Roz 7-8 ghante ki neend lein

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2. Medications 

English:

• Hormonal birth control to regulate periods and reduce acne
• Metformin for insulin resistance
• Clomiphene / Letrozole for ovulation in fertility treatment
• Anti-androgen medicines to control hair growth

Roman Urdu:

• Hormonal birth control periods ko theek aur acne ko kam karta hai
• Metformin insulin resistance ko kam karta hai
• Clomiphene / Letrozole ovulation ke liye
• Anti-androgen dawa zyada baalon ko kam karte hain

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PCOS Diet Plan

English – Foods to Eat:

• Whole grains (brown rice, oats)
• Green leafy vegetables
• Lean proteins (chicken, fish, eggs)
• Nuts and seeds
• Green tea

Avoid:

• Sugary drinks and desserts
• White bread and pasta
• Fried and processed foods

Roman Urdu – Khane Jo Khane Chahiye:

• Whole grains (brown rice, oats)
• Hari sabziyan
• Lean protein (chicken, machhli, anda)
• Nuts aur seeds
• Green tea

Bachne Wale Khane:

• Meetha drinks aur sweets
• White bread aur pasta
• Tali hui aur processed cheezein

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PCOS Exercise Tips 

English:

• Cardio: Walking, jogging, cycling
• Strength training: Weight lifting
• Flexibility: Yoga and stretching

Roman Urdu:

• Cardio: Chalna, jogging, cycle chalana
• Strength training: Weight uthana
• Flexibility: Yoga aur stretching

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Myths vs Facts About PCOS 

Myth: Only overweight women have PCOS.
Fact: Even thin women can develop PCOS.

Myth: PCOS always causes infertility.
Fact: Many women conceive with proper treatment.

Roman Urdu:
Myth: Sirf moti aurton ko PCOS hota hai.
Fact: Patli aurton ko bhi ho sakta hai.

Myth: PCOS ka matlab banjarpan hai.
Fact: Ilaj ke baad bohot si aurton ko pregnancy hoti hai.

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Long-Term PCOS Management Tips 

English:

• Keep weight under control
• Avoid junk food
• Monitor blood sugar
• Regular health checkups
• Stay active and positive

Roman Urdu:

• Wazan ko control mein rakho
• Junk food se door raho
• Blood sugar check karte raho
• Regular doctor visits
• Active aur positive raho

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Disclaimer (For AdSense Compliance)

This article is for educational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any treatment for PCOS.

Learn everything about PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, natural remedies, and diet plans. Bilingual notes (English + Roman Urdu) for easy understanding.

LHV Guess Papers

Alright ..... let’s add a special section for LHV, CNA, BSN, and other Nursing & Allied Health Diploma students so they know why PCOS is important to learn, plus study tips and tricks to memorize it for exams and practical application.

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Why Learning PCOS is Important for Nursing & Allied Health Students

English:
For students in nursing and allied health fields such as LHV (Lady Health Visitor), CNA (Certified Nursing Assistant), BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing), and other paramedical diplomas, understanding PCOS is not just about passing exams ..... it’s about saving lives and improving women’s health.

Reasons it’s important:

1. Early Detection Skills – Nurses and LHVs often meet patients first in clinics; recognizing PCOS symptoms early helps in timely referral to doctors.
2. Patient Education – Health workers guide women on diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes, which are critical in PCOS management.
3. Counseling Skills – Many PCOS patients suffer from anxiety and low self-esteem; nursing staff play a key role in emotional support.
4. Preventing Complications – Knowledge about PCOS helps you educate patients on preventing diabetes, infertility, and heart problems.
5. Community Health Impact – PCOS awareness reduces myths and stigma, especially in rural areas.

Roman Urdu:
Nursing aur Allied Health students jaise LHV, CNA, BSN aur doosre diplomas ke students ke liye PCOS samajhna sirf exams pass karne ka kaam nahi — yeh aurton ki sehat bachane ka kaam hai.

Yeh kyun important hai:

1. Jaldi Pata Chalna – LHV aur nurses patient ko pehle dekhte hain; symptoms samajhne se time par doctor ko refer kar sakte hain.
2. Patient ko Samjhana – Diet, exercise aur lifestyle ke bare mein guide karna PCOS control ka main hissa hai.
3. Counseling Karna – PCOS wali bohot si patients anxiety aur depression ka shikar hoti hain; nurses unki himmat barhate hain.
4. Complications Rokna – PCOS ka ilm diabetes, infertility aur heart problems se bachata hai.
5. Community Awareness – PCOS ka awareness myths aur galat soch kam karta hai, khaas tor pe dehaati ilaqon mein.

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Tips & Tricks to Prepare and Memorize PCOS for Exams

1. Use Mnemonics

English:
Make short formulas to remember symptoms:
"I HATE PCOS" →
I – Irregular periods
H – Hair growth (hirsutism)
A – Acne
T – Thinning hair on scalp
E – Excess weight
P – Pigmentation (dark patches)
C – Cysts in ovaries
O – Ovulation problems
S – Sugar (insulin resistance)

Roman Urdu:
Formula banalo symptoms yaad rakhne ke liye:
"I HATE PCOS" –
I – Irregular periods
H – Hair growth
A – Acne
T – Thin hair scalp
E – Extra weight
P – Pigmentation
C – Cysts
O – Ovulation problem
S – Sugar problem

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2. Study in Tables

Make tables with headings: Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment.
This makes revision faster before exams.

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3. Teach Someone Else

Explaining PCOS to a friend or classmate will make you remember it longer.

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4. Visual Learning

Draw ovaries diagram with cysts, hormone cycle chart, and dietary chart visual memory sticks better.

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5. Break & Revise

Dear Students Study 20–25 minutes, take a short break, then review the key points again.

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6. Link with Real Cases

Dear Readers think of real patients you saw during clinical rotations; link their symptoms to what you study ...... it becomes unforgettable.

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You Can Get Download a printable “PCOS Quick Revision Sheet” just for nursing students  one page with all important points, mnemonics, and diagrams  so they can use it before exams or in hospital postings.In PDF if you want...

 LHV EXAMS NOTES

1-page quick revision chart

Below i give a one-page PCOS Quick Revision Sheet for LHV, CNA, BSN, and Allied Health students that’s exam-friendly and clinically useful.

It will have:

🩺-Ultra-condensed bullet points

👁️-Mnemonics for fast recall

💢-Diagrams suggestion (so you can draw in exam)

💯-Roman Urdu + English mix for easy memory

📊-Table format for speed revision

PCOS – Quick Revision Sheet for Nursing & Allied Health Students

Definition

English:

PCOS = Polycystic Ovary Syndrome → Hormonal disorder with irregular ovulation, excess androgens, and ovarian cysts.

Roman Urdu:

PCOS = Hormonal masla jisme periods irregular, male hormones zyada, aur ovaries mein cysts hoti hain.

Causes (4 Main)

1. Genetics – Family history

2. Insulin Resistance – Zyada insulin → zyada male hormones

3. Hormonal Imbalance – Ovulation disturb

4. Inflammation – Ovaries ko stimulate karti hai

Symptoms – Mnemonic: "I HATE PCOS"

Mnemonic Sy Ap kci bhi chez ko asani sy yad kr sakty hn Jesy meny Symptoms Yad krny k lye oper ek sentence dia ha istrha apko ye bholy ga nahi r sab symptoms apko yad rhen gi kue k ye bht important han.

I – Irregular periods

H – Hair growth (hirsutism)

A – Acne & oily skin

T – Thinning hair on scalp

E – Excess weight (belly fat)

P – Pigmentation (dark patches)

C – Cysts in ovaries

O – Ovulation problems

S – Sugar problem (insulin resistance)

Diagnosis (Remember: 3 Steps)

1. History – Periods, hair, weight

2. Blood Tests – Hormones, insulin, cholesterol

3. Ultrasound – Ovaries check for cysts

Complications (if untreated)

Infertility

Type 2 diabetes

High BP, heart disease

Endometrial cancer

Sleep apnea

Depression & anxiety

Treatment – 2 Pillars

Lifestyle:

Low-carb, high-fiber diet

Exercise (30 min/day)

Weight loss 5–10%

Medicines:

Birth control pills → Regulate cycles

Metformin → Reduce insulin resistance

Clomiphene / Letrozole → For pregnancy

Anti-androgens → Reduce hair

Diet – Eat / Avoid

✅ Eat: Whole grains, vegetables, lean protein, nuts, green tea

❌ Avoid: Sugary drinks, fried food, white bread

Exercise Plan

Cardio: Walk, jog, cycle

Strength: Weight lifting

Flexibility: Yoga, stretching

Exam & Memory Tips

Mnemonics: “I HATE PCOS”

Create a Table On Chart or Your Note book For Easy Memorize 

Asani Sey Yad krny k lye Ek Chart Ya Table Bna len Table ka format nechy Dya gea ha.

Table format: Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment

Diagram: Draw ovary with cysts + hormone imbalance chart

Teach a friend → recall improves

Revise morning & night

📌 Pro Tip for Viva / Clinical Posting:

When asked about PCOS in front of examiners or during patient education:

1. Define in 1 line.

2. List 3 causes.

3. List 4 symptoms.

4. Mention lifestyle + 1 medicine example.

This shows you know theory + practical.

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