100 Most Important MCQs for CNA Part-2 (Medical & Surgical Nursing)
(Dr.Abdul Rehman Yousaf)
Complete Exam-Oriented Guide with Explanations
📌 Introduction
The Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Part-2 examination mainly focuses on Medical and Surgical Nursing, where students are tested on their understanding of patient care, disease processes, clinical procedures, and safety measures. Many students fail not because of lack of knowledge, but because they practice MCQs without understanding the concepts.
This Article is written by Dr Abdul Rehman Yousaf This article provides 100 most important MCQs along with clear and simple explanations to help CNA students prepare according to the NEBP exam pattern. These MCQs are designed to strengthen both conceptual understanding and exam confidence.
🩺 SECTION 1: Fundamentals of Nursing
1. What is the normal body temperature of an adult?
Answer: 37°C
Explanation: Normal body temperature is around 37°C. Any variation may indicate infection or hypothermia.
2. Which sign is NOT included in inflammation?
Answer: Pallor
Explanation: The five signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
3. Hand hygiene is most effective in preventing:
Answer: Infection
Explanation: Proper hand washing reduces transmission of microorganisms.
4. What position is best for unconscious patients?
Answer: Lateral position
Explanation: It prevents aspiration and keeps the airway open.
5. Normal respiratory rate in adults is:
Answer: 12–20 breaths per minute
Explanation: Rates outside this range may indicate respiratory distress.
🧪 SECTION 2: Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
6. Normal potassium level in blood is:
Answer: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
Explanation: Potassium imbalance can affect heart rhythm.
7. Low potassium level is called:
Answer: Hypokalemia
Explanation: It causes muscle weakness and arrhythmias.
8. IV fluids are mainly used to:
Answer: Maintain hydration
Explanation: They replace fluids and electrolytes.
9. Which vein is commonly used for IV cannulation?
Answer: Cephalic vein
Explanation: It is easily accessible and safe.
10. Excess fluid in body causes:
Answer: Edema
Explanation: It occurs due to fluid retention.
❤️ SECTION 3: Cardiovascular System
11. Normal adult blood pressure is:
Answer: 120/80 mmHg
Explanation: It is considered optimal for healthy adults.
12. Chest pain radiating to left arm indicates:
Answer: Myocardial infarction
Explanation: This is a classic symptom of heart attack.
13. Nitroglycerin is used to treat:
Answer: Angina pectoris
Explanation: It dilates blood vessels and reduces chest pain.
14. Pulse is checked to assess:
Answer: Heart rate
Explanation: It reflects cardiac activity.
15. Tachycardia means pulse rate above:
Answer: 100 beats/min
Explanation: It indicates increased heart rate.
🫁 SECTION 4: Respiratory System
16. Oxygen therapy is given to treat:
Answer: Hypoxia
Explanation: It increases oxygen supply to tissues.
17. Normal oxygen saturation level is:
Answer: 95–100%
Explanation: Lower values indicate oxygen deficiency.
18. Asthma is a disease of:
Answer: Airways
Explanation: It causes airway inflammation and narrowing.
19. COPD mainly affects:
Answer: Lungs
Explanation: It causes chronic breathing difficulty.
20. Cough helps in:
Answer: Clearing airways
Explanation: It removes secretions.
🩸 SECTION 5: Gastrointestinal System
21. Normal bowel movement frequency is:
Answer: Once daily
Explanation: It varies but regularity is important.
22. Diarrhea causes:
Answer: Dehydration
Explanation: Loss of fluids and electrolytes occurs.
23. Peptic ulcer affects:
Answer: Stomach lining
Explanation: It causes pain and bleeding.
24. Nausea is controlled by:
Answer: Antiemetic drugs
Explanation: These prevent vomiting.
25. Liver functions include:
Answer: Detoxification
Explanation: Liver removes toxins from blood.
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🩺 SECTION 6: Urinary System
26. Normal urine output per day is:
Answer: 1500 ml
Explanation: Indicates normal kidney function.
27. Low urine output is called:
Answer: Oliguria
Explanation: It may indicate kidney failure.
28. UTI commonly presents with:
Answer: Burning urination
Explanation: Infection causes irritation.
29. Catheter care prevents:
Answer: Infection
Explanation: Proper hygiene reduces risk.
30. Kidneys regulate:
Answer: Fluid balance
Explanation: They maintain body homeostasis.
🦴 SECTION 7: Musculoskeletal System
31. Bone fracture causes:
Answer: Pain and swelling
Explanation: Tissue damage leads to inflammation.
32. Osteoporosis is common in:
Answer: Elderly females
Explanation: Due to calcium loss.
33. Cast is used to:
Answer: Immobilize fracture
Explanation: It promotes healing.
34. Muscle cramps occur due to:
Answer: Electrolyte imbalance
Explanation: Especially low potassium or calcium.
35. Physiotherapy helps in:
Answer: Rehabilitation
Explanation: It restores movement.
🧠 SECTION 8: Neurological System
36. Stroke occurs due to:
Answer: Blocked blood flow to brain
Explanation: It damages brain tissue.
37. Loss of consciousness indicates:
Answer: Neurological issue
Explanation: Brain function is affected.
38. Seizures are caused by:
Answer: Abnormal brain activity
Explanation: Electrical disturbances occur.
39. Glasgow Coma Scale assesses:
Answer: Level of consciousness
Explanation: It evaluates neurological status.
40. Head injury patients need:
Answer: Close observation
Explanation: For early complication detection.
🧪 SECTION 9: Infection Control & Safety
41. Sterilization kills:
Answer: All microorganisms
Explanation: Including spores.
42. PPE stands for:
Answer: Personal Protective Equipment
Explanation: It protects healthcare workers.
43. Needle stick injury risk is:
Answer: Infection transmission
Explanation: Especially hepatitis and HIV.
44. Waste segregation uses:
Answer: Color-coded bins
Explanation: For safety.
45. Isolation prevents:
Answer: Spread of disease
Explanation: It protects others.
💊 SECTION 10: Pharmacology Basics
46. Drug dosage depends on:
Answer: Age and weight
Explanation: Correct dosing prevents toxicity.
47. Oral drugs are absorbed in:
Answer: Gastrointestinal tract
Explanation: Mainly intestine.
48. Side effects should be:
Answer: Reported
Explanation: For patient safety.
49. Overdose causes:
Answer: Toxicity
Explanation: It can be life-threatening.
50. Medication errors must be:
Answer: Prevented
Explanation: By following rights of medication.
📚 SECTION 11: Patient Care & Ethics
51. Patient privacy is a:
Answer: Legal right
Explanation: Must be respected.
52. Consent is taken before:
Answer: Procedures
Explanation: It is ethical practice.
53. Vital signs include:
Answer: BP, pulse, temperature
Explanation: They indicate health status.
54. Bed sores are prevented by:
Answer: Repositioning
Explanation: Reduces pressure.
55. Communication improves:
Answer: Patient trust
Explanation: It ensures cooperation.
🚑 SECTION 12: Emergency Care & First Aid
56. The first step in emergency care is:
Answer: Ensure safety
Explanation: The nurse must ensure personal and patient safety before providing care.
57. Shock is defined as:
Answer: Inadequate tissue perfusion
Explanation: Shock occurs when organs do not receive enough blood and oxygen.
58. A common sign of shock is:
Answer: Cold, clammy skin
Explanation: Poor circulation causes skin changes.
59. First aid for bleeding includes:
Answer: Applying pressure
Explanation: Pressure helps stop bleeding and prevents shock.
60. Burns are first cooled with:
Answer: Running water
Explanation: Cooling reduces tissue damage and pain.
🍬 SECTION 13: Endocrine System (Diabetes & Hormones)
61. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by:
Answer: High blood sugar
Explanation: It occurs due to lack or resistance to insulin.
62. Normal fasting blood glucose level is:
Answer: 70–110 mg/dL
Explanation: Values above this may indicate diabetes.
63. Insulin is administered by:
Answer: Subcutaneous route
Explanation: It provides slow and steady absorption.
64. A common symptom of hypoglycemia is:
Answer: Sweating
Explanation: Low blood sugar causes adrenergic symptoms.
65. Diabetic foot care helps prevent:
Answer: Infection and ulcers
Explanation: Poor circulation delays healing.
🩹 SECTION 14: Wound Care & Dressing
66. A surgical wound is an example of:
Answer: Clean wound
Explanation: It is made under sterile conditions.
67. Purpose of wound dressing is to:
Answer: Prevent infection
Explanation: Dressing protects wound from microorganisms.
68. Signs of wound infection include:
Answer: Redness and discharge
Explanation: These indicate bacterial growth.
69. Sterile technique is used in:
Answer: Dressing wounds
Explanation: It prevents contamination.
70. Sutures are removed when:
Answer: Healing is adequate
Explanation: Premature removal can reopen wound.
🧠 SECTION 15: Mental Health Basics
71. Mental health refers to:
Answer: Emotional and psychological well-being
Explanation: It affects thinking and behavior.
72. Anxiety causes:
Answer: Restlessness
Explanation: It is a common psychological response.
73. Depression is marked by:
Answer: Persistent sadness
Explanation: It affects daily functioning.
74. Therapeutic communication involves:
Answer: Active listening
Explanation: It helps patient express feelings.
75. Mental illness should be treated with:
Answer: Respect and care
Explanation: Stigma worsens patient condition.
🧼 SECTION 16: Hygiene & Personal Care
76. Daily bathing helps in:
Answer: Maintaining hygiene
Explanation: It prevents infection and promotes comfort.
77. Oral care prevents:
Answer: Mouth infections
Explanation: Poor oral hygiene leads to disease.
78. Bed bath is given to:
Answer: Bedridden patients
Explanation: It maintains cleanliness.
79. Nail care prevents:
Answer: Infection
Explanation: Especially in diabetic patients.
80. Clean environment promotes:
Answer: Healing
Explanation: It reduces microorganism exposure.
📝 SECTION 17: Documentation & Records
81. Nursing documentation should be:
Answer: Accurate
Explanation: Legal and clinical importance.
82. Patient records are:
Answer: Confidential
Explanation: Must not be shared without permission.
83. Incident reports are written when:
Answer: An error occurs
Explanation: For patient safety improvement.
84. Nursing notes help in:
Answer: Continuity of care
Explanation: They guide other healthcare workers.
85. Documentation should be done:
Answer: Immediately
Explanation: Delays cause errors.
🏥 SECTION 18: Patient Discharge & Education
86. Discharge teaching includes:
Answer: Medication instructions
Explanation: Prevents complications at home.
87. Follow-up visits are important for:
Answer: Monitoring recovery
Explanation: Early detection of problems.
88. Patient education improves:
Answer: Treatment compliance
Explanation: Knowledge increases cooperation.
89. Written instructions help patients to:
Answer: Remember care steps
Explanation: Especially elderly patients.
90. Family involvement helps in:
Answer: Better recovery
Explanation: Support system improves outcomes.
🚶 SECTION 19: Mobility & Rehabilitation
91. Early ambulation helps prevent:
Answer: Bed sores
Explanation: Movement improves circulation.
92. Walking aids include:
Answer: Walker
Explanation: Supports mobility.
93. Range of motion exercises improve:
Answer: Joint flexibility
Explanation: Prevents stiffness.
94. Immobilized patients are at risk of:
Answer: Thrombosis
Explanation: Reduced blood flow causes clots.
95. Proper body mechanics prevent:
Answer: Back injury
Explanation: Protects healthcare workers.
🧯 SECTION 20: Safety & Hospital Environment
96. Fire safety symbol includes:
Answer: Exit sign
Explanation: Guides safe evacuation.
97. Wet floor signs prevent:
Answer: Falls
Explanation: Alerts patients and staff.
98. Electrical equipment should be:
Answer: Checked regularly
Explanation: Prevents accidents.
99. Patient identification is confirmed by:
Answer: Name band
Explanation: Prevents medical errors.
100. Safe nursing care focuses on:
Answer: Patient safety
Explanation: Safety is the priority in all nursing actions.
🟢 FINAL CONCLUSION (KEEP THIS)
These 100 most important MCQs with explanations are designed to help CNA Part-2 students understand Medical & Surgical Nursing concepts clearly. Regular practice with understanding will greatly improve exam performance and clinical confidence.
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