100 Most Important MCQs for CNA Part-2 (Medical & Surgical Nursing) – Latest NEBP Pattern | By Dr. Abdul Rehman Yousaf
Preparing for the CNA Part-2 Medical & Surgical Nursing exam requires strong conceptual understanding and familiarity with commonly tested areas. To support students in achieving excellent marks, here is a carefully researched, premium collection of 100 essential MCQs based on the latest NEBP (Punjab Nursing Examination Board) pattern.
These questions have been prepared, refined, and authored by Dr. Abdul Rehman Yousaf, using deep experience in clinical concepts, pattern analysis, and past-paper evaluation. Every question includes the correct answer, enabling students to revise quickly and confidently.
✔ Why These MCQs Are Important?
Based strictly on repeated concepts from NEBP exam papers
Cover all major nursing systems and high-yield topics
Provide exam-focused, simple answers
Help strengthen clinical reasoning and real-world application
Ideal for revisions, tests, and quick preparation
1–20: Fundamentals of Medical–Surgical Concepts
1. Cardinal sign of inflammation: Redness
2. Common IV cannula size for adults: 18–20G
3. Normal potassium level: 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
4. Hypokalemia causes: Muscle weakness
5. Complication of IV infiltration: Swelling
6. Best IM injection site for adults: Ventrogluteal
7. Normal hourly urine output: 30 mL/hr
8. Most common cause of dehydration: Diarrhea
9. Shock occurs due to: Decreased tissue perfusion
10. Early sign of hypovolemic shock: Tachycardia
11. Early hypoxia sign: Restlessness
12. Emergency pulse site: Carotid
13. Complication of bed rest: Pressure ulcer
14. Best position for dyspnea: High Fowler’s
15. Common wound infection organism: Staphylococcus aureus
16. Normal blood pH: 7.35–7.45
17. First-line fever treatment: Paracetamol
18. NG tube purpose: Gastric decompression
19. CPR first step: Check responsiveness
20. Universal precaution meaning: Treat all body fluids as infectious
21–40: Cardiovascular System
21. MI pain radiates to: Left arm
22. Normal BP: 120/80 mmHg
23. Hypertension stage 1: 140/90
24. Drug for angina: Nitroglycerin
25. Nitroglycerin side effect: Headache
26. ECG finding in MI: ST elevation
27. Bradycardia: < 60 bpm
28. Tachycardia: > 100 bpm
29. Major cause of heart failure: Hypertension
30. Left heart failure sign: Pulmonary edema
31. Right heart failure sign: Pedal edema
32. To remove excess fluid in HF: Furosemide
33. Side effect of diuretics: Hypokalemia
34. Pulse site in children: Brachial
35. Anticoagulant: Heparin
36. Heparin antidote: Protamine sulfate
37. Best position for HF patient: High Fowler’s
38. CPR compression rate: 100–120/min
39. Compression depth (adults): 2 inches
40. AED stands for: Automated External Defibrillator
41–60: Respiratory System
41. Normal adult respiratory rate: 12–20/min
42. Common pneumonia symptom: Productive cough
43. TB spreads through: Droplets
44. Drug used in TB: Isoniazid
45. Isoniazid side effect: Hepatotoxicity
46. Asthma main symptom: Wheezing
47. Drug for acute asthma attack: Salbutamol
48. Oxygen therapy in COPD is cautious because: May suppress respiratory drive
49. Normal oxygen saturation: 95–100%
50. Position for chest physiotherapy: Trendelenburg
51. Crackles heard in: Pneumonia
52. Major smoking complication: COPD
53. Absent breath sounds indicate: Pneumothorax
54. Treatment of pneumothorax: Chest tube insertion
55. Blood in sputum: Hemoptysis
56. First step in drowning management: Ensure airway
57. High-concentration oxygen mask: Non-rebreather mask
58. Peak flow meter used in: Asthma monitoring
59. Respiratory acidosis cause: Hypoventilation
60. Respiratory alkalosis cause: Hyperventilation
61–80: Gastrointestinal & Renal System
61. Most common cause of peptic ulcer: H. pylori
62. Drug for peptic ulcer: Omeprazole
63. Appendicitis pain site: Right lower quadrant
64. Appendicitis sign: Rebound tenderness
65. Severe dehydration treatment: IV fluids
66. Diarrhea may cause: Metabolic acidosis
67. Constipation risk increased by: Low-fiber diet
68. Best diet for diarrhea: BRAT diet
69. Vomiting complication: Dehydration
70. Nausea treatment: Ondansetron
71. Most common UTI cause: E. coli
72. Dysuria: Painful urination
73. Oliguria: < 400 mL/day
74. Renal failure sign: Fluid retention
75. Hyperkalemia symptom: Cardiac arrhythmia
76. Dialysis used in: Kidney failure
77. Protein-restricted diet required in: Renal failure
78. Blood in stool: Melena
79. Main jaundice sign: Yellow sclera
80. Hepatitis A transmission: Feco-oral route
81–100: Neurological, Endocrine, Musculoskeletal, Oncology & Emergency
81. Stroke occurs due to: Interrupted blood supply to brain
82. Sign of stroke: Facial drooping
83. Best position during seizure: Side-lying
84. Avoid during seizure: Restraining the patient
85. Most common cause of unconsciousness: Hypoglycemia
86. Hypoglycemia treatment: Give glucose
87. Symptom of diabetes: Polyuria
88. Foot care important in: Diabetes
89. Complication of thyroidectomy: Hypocalcemia
90. Hypocalcemia sign: Tetany
91. Osteoporosis cause: Calcium deficiency
92. Cast complication: Compartment syndrome
93. First sign of fracture: Pain
94. Cancer warning sign: Lump in breast
95. Chemotherapy side effect: Hair loss
96. Radiation therapy side effect: Skin irritation
97. First aid for burns: Cool water
98. Rule of 9 used for: Burn percentage estimation
99. Drug for anaphylaxis: Adrenaline
100. Glasgow Coma Scale assesses: Level of consciousness
About the Author – Dr. Abdul Rehman Yousaf
This exclusive MCQ set has been professionally compiled and authored by Dr. Abdul Rehman Yousaf, based on years of academic experience and a comprehensive understanding of nursing examination trends.
His goal is to provide students with reliable, exam-oriented study material that helps them achieve exceptional success with confidence.
Final Words
These 100 essential MCQs for CNA Part-2 Medical & Surgical Nursing serve as a powerful revision tool for students preparing for NEBP exams. Whether you are revising at the last moment or building your foundational understanding, this guide ensures clarity, accuracy, and exam-oriented learning.
50 Short Questions with Answer Key for CNA Part-2 (Medical & Surgical Nursing)
(Latest NEBP Pattern | By Dr. Abdul Rehman Yousaf)
To help students prepare with complete confidence, here are 50 high-yield Short Questions (SQs) along with accurate, exam-focused answers. These are ideal for quick revision, viva preparation, and last-moment study sessions.
Short Questions with Answers (1–50)
1. Define inflammation.
Inflammation is the body's protective response to injury or infection.
2. Normal body temperature range?
36.5°C – 37.5°C.
3. Two signs of dehydration.
Dry mouth, decreased urine output.
4. Example of isotonic IV fluid.
Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl).
5. Purpose of hand hygiene.
To prevent the spread of infection.
6. Define asepsis.
Asepsis means absence of disease-causing microorganisms.
7. Safest IM injection site in adults.
Ventrogluteal site.
8. One cause of hypovolemia.
Severe bleeding.
9. What is tachycardia?
Heart rate above 100 bpm.
10. Define blood pressure.
Force of blood against artery walls.
11. One symptom of anemia.
Fatigue.
12. CPR stands for?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
13. Define shock.
A life-threatening condition due to inadequate tissue perfusion.
14. One complication of bed sores.
Infection.
15. Normal random blood glucose level.
Up to 200 mg/dL.
16. One indication for oxygen therapy.
Low oxygen saturation.
17. Define hypoxia.
Deficiency of oxygen in tissues.
18. Main cause of TB.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
19. One symptom of asthma.
Wheezing.
20. One complication of pneumonia.
Respiratory failure.
21. What is hematuria?
Blood in urine.
22. Define oliguria.
Urine output less than 400 mL/day.
23. One renal function test.
Serum creatinine.
24. What is melena?
Black, tarry stools due to upper GI bleeding.
25. One cause of constipation.
Low fiber diet.
26. One drug for vomiting.
Ondansetron.
27. Normal sodium range.
135–145 mEq/L.
28. Define anemia.
Low hemoglobin or low RBC count.
29. Example of an anticoagulant.
Heparin.
30. Purpose of ECG.
To assess electrical activity of the heart.
31. Define myocardial infarction.
Death of heart muscle due to lack of blood supply.
32. One sign of heart failure.
Shortness of breath.
33. What is edema?
Swelling caused by fluid accumulation.
34. Function of insulin.
Lowers blood glucose.
35. Define diabetes mellitus.
A disorder with high blood sugar due to insulin issues.
36. One symptom of hyperthyroidism.
Weight loss.
37. What is tetany?
Muscle spasms due to low calcium.
38. One cause of seizures.
Hypoglycemia.
39. Define fracture.
Break in the bone.
40. Purpose of a cast.
To immobilize a fractured bone.
41. Rule of 9 used for?
Estimating total body surface area burned.
42. Define first-degree burn.
Burn involving only the epidermis.
43. Glasgow Coma Scale is used to assess what?
Level of consciousness.
44. One early sign of stroke.
Facial drooping.
45. Define hypertension.
Persistent blood pressure above normal range.
46. Normal adult heart rate?
60–100 bpm.
47. One role of nurse in patient education.
Teaching medication use.
48. Define infection control.
Measures to prevent spread of infection.
49. Universal precaution meaning.
Treat all body fluids as potentially infectious.
50. One complication of chemotherapy.
Hair loss.
Why These Short Questions Are Important
These 50 Short Questions provide:
Fast recall of core definitions
Better conceptual clarity
Coverage of NEBP's most-tested short questions
High value for viva, internal assessments & board exams
Compact revision for nursing students
SECTION C
This section includes 30 Long Questions (LQs) for CNA Part-2 (Medical & Surgical Nursing).
30 Long Questions for CNA Part-2 (Medical & Surgical Nursing)
(Latest NEBP Pattern | By Dr. Abdul Rehman Yousaf)
To complete the full structured preparation, here are 30 High-Yield Long Questions (LQs) covering all major systems of Medical & Surgical Nursing. These questions are designed to build deep understanding, strong concepts, and perfect exam-level descriptive answers.
These long questions follow the NEBP board pattern, focusing on frequently repeated topics, clinical reasoning, and disease-specific nursing care.
Long Questions (1–30)
1. Define inflammation and explain its cardinal signs.
Inflammation is the body’s protective response to injury or infection. Its cardinal signs are redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
2. Describe the types of shock and their clinical features.
Types include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive (septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic). Clinical features include hypotension, tachycardia, cold clammy skin (except in septic shock), decreased urine output, and altered mental status.
3. Explain the nursing management of a patient with dehydration.
Includes monitoring vitals, assessing skin turgor, recording intake/output, administering oral/IV fluids, monitoring electrolytes, and educating about hydration.
4. Define hypertension and explain its causes, symptoms, and management.
Hypertension is persistent elevation of BP above normal. Causes: obesity, stress, high salt intake. Symptoms: headache, dizziness (often asymptomatic). Management: lifestyle changes, antihypertensive medications, low-salt diet.
5. Discuss heart failure, its signs, symptoms, and nursing interventions.
Heart failure is inability of heart to pump effectively. Signs include dyspnea, edema, fatigue. Nursing care includes oxygen therapy, monitoring weight, fluid restriction, positioning, and medication administration.
6. Explain myocardial infarction, its risk factors, and emergency management.
MI occurs due to blocked coronary artery. Risk factors: smoking, diabetes, hypertension. Emergency care: MONA (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin), ECG monitoring, and early intervention.
7. Describe pneumonia and explain its signs, causes, and treatment.
Pneumonia is infection of lungs. Causes: bacteria, viruses. Signs: fever, productive cough, crackles. Treatment includes antibiotics, hydration, oxygen therapy, and chest physiotherapy.
8. Explain TB, its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnosis: sputum test, chest X-ray. Treatment: DOTS therapy (Rifampicin, Isoniazid, etc.). Prevention: vaccination, early detection, isolation.
9. Describe COPD, its symptoms, complications, and nursing care.
COPD involves chronic bronchitis & emphysema. Symptoms: chronic cough, wheezing, dyspnea. Complications: respiratory failure. Nursing care: bronchodilators, smoking cessation, controlled oxygen therapy.
10. Discuss asthma, its triggers, symptoms, and management.
Triggers: dust, smoke, allergens. Symptoms: wheezing, chest tightness. Management: bronchodilators, steroids, avoiding triggers, and oxygen support.
11. Explain appendicitis and its clinical signs and treatment.
Appendicitis is inflammation of appendix. Signs: RLQ pain, rebound tenderness. Treatment: appendectomy and IV antibiotics.
12. Describe peptic ulcer disease and its management.
Caused mainly by H. pylori and NSAIDs. Symptoms: epigastric pain. Treatment includes PPIs, antibiotics, avoiding spicy foods, and stress reduction.
13. Explain renal failure, its signs, causes, and nursing management.
Renal failure results in decreased kidney function. Signs: oliguria, edema, electrolyte imbalance. Care: fluid restriction, dialysis, monitoring labs.
14. Discuss UTI, its symptoms, causes, and prevention.
Causes: E. coli. Symptoms: dysuria, frequency, urgency. Prevention: hydration, proper hygiene, avoiding irritants.
15. Define diabetes mellitus and explain its types, symptoms, and management.
Type 1: no insulin; Type 2: insulin resistance. Symptoms: polyuria, polydipsia. Management: insulin/oral medications, diet, exercise.
16. Explain hypoglycemia and its emergency treatment.
Low blood glucose. Signs: sweating, confusion, shakiness. Treatment: immediate glucose intake (juice, glucose gel), followed by monitoring.
17. Describe thyroid disorders, their symptoms, and treatment.
Hypothyroidism: weight gain, fatigue. Hyperthyroidism: weight loss, palpitations. Treatment includes hormone therapy or anti-thyroid medication.
18. Discuss hypocalcemia and its clinical manifestations.
Signs include muscle spasms, tetany, numbness, Chvostek’s sign. Management involves calcium supplementation.
19. Explain osteoporosis, its causes, risk factors, and prevention.
Caused by low calcium/vitamin D. Risk factors: aging, menopause. Prevention: calcium intake, exercise, sun exposure.
20. Describe bone fracture types and nursing care of fracture patients.
Types: simple, compound, comminuted. Care: immobilization, pain control, monitoring for infection or compartment syndrome.
21. Explain compartment syndrome, its causes, and emergency care.
Caused by increased pressure in muscle compartments. Signs: severe pain, decreased pulses. Emergency treatment: fasciotomy.
22. Discuss burn injuries, classification, and first aid management.
Types: first, second, third degree. First aid: cool water, remove tight clothing, avoid ice, cover with sterile cloth.
23. Explain the Rule of 9 in burn assessment.
Used to estimate total body surface area burned to guide fluid therapy.
24. Describe cancer warning signs and nursing care of cancer patients.
Warning signs: lumps, weight loss, bleeding. Care: symptom management, emotional support, chemotherapy care.
25. Explain chemotherapy side effects and their management.
Side effects: nausea, hair loss, fatigue. Management: antiemetics, nutritional support, infection prevention.
26. Discuss radiation therapy and its complications.
Used to kill cancer cells. Complications include skin irritation, fatigue. Care involves skin protection and hydration.
27. Describe seizure disorders, their types, and first aid.
Types: generalized, focal. First aid: protect patient, side-lying, avoid restraining, loosen clothing.
28. Explain stroke, its causes, symptoms, and initial management.
Caused by blocked or ruptured vessels. Signs: facial drooping, weakness. Treatment: FAST recognition, oxygen, immediate referral.
29. Discuss Glasgow Coma Scale and its components.
Assesses consciousness based on eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.
30. Explain nursing responsibilities in emergency patient care.
Includes triage, maintaining airway, monitoring vitals, medication administration, documentation, and reassurance.
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