Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Part-1st FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING (FON)Past Papper 2022 Solved
Dear Students, these Notes Containing CNA.P1 All Solved MCQs with correct answers, easy, logical explanations, and also explained any important/difficult terms.
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✅ SOLVED (Fill in the blanks Section)
1. Blood is a type of __________ tissue.
Answer: Connective
2. Somatostatin is secreted by ______ cells in pancreas.
Answer: Delta cells
3. Baroreceptors detect ______.
Answer: Pressure of blood
4. Hypoxia = insufficient ______ in the body.
Answer: Oxygen
5. Interchange of ideas & thoughts is called ______.
Answer: Communication
6. Blood travels from pulmonary arteries to the ______ atrium.
❌ Incorrect in paper
Correct Answer: Left atrium (after oxygenation in lungs)
7. Inflammation of gall bladder is:
Answer: Cholecystitis
8. Cold sponging temp is between ______.
Answer: 25°C to 27°C
9. Inflammation is first response to ______ or ______.
Answer: Infection or irritation
10. Immunity is achieved by ______.
Answer: Immunization or vaccination
MCQs Section (Chose One Correct Option)
1. First nurse theorist known for “Notes on Nursing”:
Answer: A : Florence Nightingale
2. When using standard precautions, nurse wears gloves during:
Answer: D : Providing oral hygiene
Explanation:
Risk of contact with saliva ➡️ gloves needed.
3. The nurse is preparing to take vital signs… best method to assess body temperature?
Answer: C : Oral
Explanation:
For an alert adult, oral temperature is most convenient and accurate.
4. The systematic and rational method of planning & providing individualized care is:
Answer: D : Nursing process
Explanation:
Nursing process = assessment ➡️ diagnosis ➡️ planning ➡️ implementation ➡️ evaluation.
5. Translate the message and sort out meaning by receiver is called:
Answer: A : Decoding
Explanation:
Decoding = understanding a received message.
6. Client had oral surgery… flushed skin & warm… best method to take temperature?
Answer: D : Rectal
Explanation:
Oral site cannot be used after oral surgery.
Rectal temperature is most accurate in such cases.
7. Which pulse site is used for infants and children up to 3 years?
Answer: D : Apical
Explanation:
Children under 3 have irregular heart rates ➡️ Apical pulse is most accurate.
8. Nurse finds pulse above normal. This is:
Answer: C : Tachycardia
Explanation:
Tachycardia = abnormally fast heart rate (>100 bpm).
9. Unconscious client needs frequent mouth care. Best position?
Answer: D : Side-lying
Explanation:
Side-lying prevents aspiration of secretions.
10. A state of wellbeing; engaging attitudes & behavior =
Answer: A : Wellness
Explanation:
Wellness = active process of achieving good health.
11. Communication which promotes understanding and helps establish constructive relationship is:
Answer: C : Therapeutic communication
Explanation:
Therapeutic communication builds trust between nurse & patient.
ons:
12. The World Health Organization was established in…
Correct Answer: 1948
Explanation:
The World Health Organization (WHO) was officially established on 7 April 1948, which is now celebrated every year as World Health Day. Although discussions and planning began earlier (in 1946 when its constitution was drafted and signed), the organization formally came into existence in 1948.
13. The nurse administers cleansing enema. The common position for this procedure is:
Answer: C Sims' left lateral
Explanation:
Sims' left lateral position allows the fluid to flow easily into the sigmoid colon through gravity, making enema administration safe and effective.
14. Back care is best described as:
Answer: A : Caring for the back by means of massage
Explanation:
Back care usually means massaging & cleaning the back to improve circulation and prevent bed sores.
15. ______ refers to the preparation of the bed with a new set of linens:
Answer: B : Bed making
Explanation:
Bed making = replacing old linen with clean linen for comfort, hygiene, and infection control.
16. Which is the largest organ in the body and serves a variety of important functions?
Answer: B : Skin
Explanation:
Skin is the largest organ. It protects, regulates temperature, and prevents infection.
17. In which phase of the nursing process is the problem identified?
Answer: A : Diagnosis
Explanation:
Nursing diagnosis = identifying patient problems based on assessment data.
18. The nursing diagnosis is a client problem that is present at the time of nursing:
Answer: D : Evaluation ❌ (Incorrect in the paper; correct is Assessment)
Correct Answer: A : Assessment
Explanation:
Assessment = gathering data ➡️ identifying current problems.
19. Which of the following is sign of impending clinical death?
Answer: A : Rapid pulse
Explanation:
As death nears ➡️ pulse becomes rapid, weak & irregular due to failing heart.
20. The involuntary spasm of outer one-third of vaginal muscle:
Answer: D : Vaginismus
Explanation:
Vaginismus = sudden involuntary tightness of vaginal muscles ➡️ painful for insertion.
21. Which of the following is clear diet?
Answer: B : Vegetable juice
Explanation:
Clear liquid diet = liquids you can see through (e.g., vegetable broth, apple juice).
Yogurt/ice cream are NOT clear.
22. The shift changes… What initial statement is most appropriate?
Answer: A : I am very sorry for your loss. May I stay with you?
Explanation:
When a family is grieving, the priority is empathy and presence, not silence or interview.
23. In which position client lies on one side with hip/knee flexed and arm in front?
Answer: C : Lateral position
Explanation:
Lateral = side-lying with knees slightly bent.
24. Most important purpose of handwashing?
Answer: B : To prevent transfer of microorganisms
Explanation:
Hand washing mainly prevents infection by removing microbes.
25. Snellen chart tests:
Answer: D : Visual acuity
Explanation:
Snellen chart = measures how clearly a person can see at distance (20/20 vision).
26. Basic health unit covers area of:
Answer: C : 10-15 sq miles, 500010,000 population
(closest correct option)
27. System referring patient from primary to secondary health unit is known as:
Answer: A : Referral
Explanation:
Referral = shifting patient to higher-level facility.
28. The fundamental aim of primary health care is to provide:
Answer: D : All of these
Explanation:
Primary health care aims for affordable services, adequate food, safe water, etc.
29. After community assessment, team can enter the:
Answer: C : Community assessment wheel
(But correct conceptually = Health planning cycle)
Given options, BEST is:
Answer: A : Health planning system
30. Which criteria is correct for CHW (Community Health Worker)?
Answer: D : All of these
Explanation:
A CHW should be respected, helpful, motivated, confident, willing to work.
31. Daily birth records are registered in:
Answer: D : Union corporation registration office
32. THO stands for:
Answer: D : Town health officer
33. Best source to collect information/data about any person:
Answer: D : Community survey
34. Demography gathers data about:
Answer: D : All of these
(age, family size, income, birth rate, death rate, housing)
35. Frequency of visit during first 28 weeks of pregnancy:
Answer: B : Once every four weeks
36. For healthy motherhood, women should:
Answer: D : All of these
37. For home delivery, most important attendant:
Answer: C : Midwife
38. Natal services provided to mothers in:
Answer: D : Clinic
(But also hospital; closest = A+B, but option A+B is given)
Correct = A : A + B (Home + Hospital)
Given paper context: A + B
39. Necessary equipment for MCH center:
Answer: D : All of these
40. MCH center cares for the health of:
Answer: A : A + B (Mother + Child)
41. After surgery, nurse should prioritize assessing:
Answer: A : Pain intensity
Explanation:
Pain intensity helps decide medication needs.
42. Best position for respiratory distress?
Answer: B : Semi-Fowler's
Explanation:
Semi-Fowler’s (3045° elevation) improves lung expansion.
43. Client’s right to be treated equally is defended by:
Answer: C : Client advocate
Explanation:
Advocate = protects client’s rights.
44. Trendelenburg position prevents:
Answer: A : Shock
Explanation:
Feet elevated ➡️ increases blood flow to vital organs.
45. Infusion in right arm ➡️ BP should be taken from:
Answer: B : Left arm
Explanation:
Never take BP on the arm with IV infusion.
46. Public health & prevention roles promoted by:
Answer: B : Lillian Wald
Explanation:
Founder of public health nursing.
47. BP sounds heard with stethoscope are called:
Answer: D : Korotkoff sounds
Explanation:
Korotkoff sounds = sounds heard during BP measurement.
48. Definition of nursing ("human responses to health") given by:
Answer: A : ANA (American Nurses Association)
49. Normal respiratory rhythm & depth =
Answer: A : Eupnea
Explanation:
Eupnea = normal breathing.
Apnea = no breathing
Tachypnea = fast breathing
Bradypnea = slow breathing
50. It is the process of helping the client to recognise and cope with psychological or social problems for personal growth.
Correct Answer: B. Counselling
Explanation:
Counselling is a professional process in which a trained person helps a client understand, recognise, and deal with psychological, emotional, or social problems. It also supports personal growth and better decision-making.
Communication is a part of counselling, but counselling is the complete structured process that fits the definition.
⭐ CNA Part-I – Fundamentals of Nursing (Solved Past Papper NEBP)
(Solved Subjective Questions Prepared by Dr.Abdul Rehman Yousaf effective, explanatory,scoring)
Q1 Define the following terms
1. Nursing Process
Definition:
Nursing process is a systematic, organized and scientific method used by nurses to provide quality and individualized patient care. It helps the nurse to identify patient needs, plan appropriate interventions and evaluate outcomes.
Steps (ADPIE):
1. Assessment: Collecting patient data
2. Diagnosis: Identifying patient problems
3. Planning: Setting goals and selecting interventions
4. Implementation: Carrying out the care plan
5. Evaluation: Checking if goals were achieved
Easy Line:
➡️ “A step-by-step method to find patient problems and give proper care.”
2. Communication
Definition:
Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, emotions and messages between two or more people through verbal, non-verbal and written methods. It is essential for building trust between nurse and patient.
Types:
Verbal (spoken words)
Non-verbal (facial expressions, gestures)
Written (reports, charts)
3. Fainting
Definition:
Fainting (syncope) is a brief, sudden and temporary loss of consciousness caused by decreased blood supply to the brain. The person usually recovers quickly when lying flat.
Causes:
Dehydration
Low blood pressure
Fatigue
Pain or emotional stress
4. Pressure Ulcers
Definition:
Pressure ulcers are localized injuries to the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged pressure, especially over bony areas like heels, hips, elbows and spine.
Risk Factors: Immobility, moisture, friction, poor nutrition.
5. Ethics
Definition:
Ethics are moral values and principles that guide nurses in deciding what is right and wrong. They ensure patient safety, dignity, honesty and professional behavior.
Purpose:
To protect patient rights and promote quality care.
Q2(A) Define terms related to loss and grieving and identify manifestations of grief
1. Loss
Loss is the state of being deprived of something valuable, such as a person, health, limb, job or relationship.
2. Grief
Grief is the emotional reaction to loss, expressed through sadness, crying or loneliness.
3. Bereavement
Bereavement is the period of sorrow and adjustment following the death of a loved one.
4. Mourning
Mourning is the external expression of grief, such as crying, praying, or wearing specific clothes.
Common Manifestations of Grief(Write ANY 5)
1. Crying and sadness
2. Anger or guilt
3. Loss of appetite
4. Disturbed sleep
5. Fatigue or weakness
6. Social withdrawal
7. Difficulty concentrating
8. Shock or denial
Q2(B) Common manifestations of altered respiration and cardiovascular function
Altered Respiration (Breathing Issues)
Key manifestations:
1. Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing
2. Tachypnea: Rapid breathing
3. Bradypnea: Slow breathing
4. Cyanosis: Blue lips/nails due to low oxygen
5. Noisy breathing: Wheezing or bubbling
6. Use of accessory muscles: Extra effort to breathe
Altered Cardiovascular Function
Common manifestations:
1. Tachycardia: Fast heart rate
2. Bradycardia: Slow heart rate
3. Chest pain
4. Edema: Swelling of feet or hands
5. Pale, cold, clammy skin
6. Abnormal blood pressure
7. Dizziness or fainting
Q3(A) Nursing development in Pakistan
1. Nursing began in Pakistan after 1947 with a few basic training schools.
2. The Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC) was established in 1948 to register nurses and regulate education.
3. Over time, many public and private nursing schools opened across the country.
4. Nursing education moved from diploma programs to BScN and post-RN programs to improve skills.
5. Specialized roles developed such as midwives, community health nurses, ICU nurses, and nurse instructors.
6. Government introduced scholarships, training programs, career pathways and overseas opportunities.
7. International organizations like WHO also supported nursing standards and training.
One-line summary:
➡️ Nursing in Pakistan has progressed from basic training to modern professional education with strong support from PNC.
Q3(B) Signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers
(Write ANY 6)
1. Persistent redness
2. Pain or tenderness
3. Blister formation
4. Skin cracking or open wound
5. Dark or purplish discoloration
6. Foul-smelling discharge
7. Swelling or warmth
8. Pus formation
Q4(A) Define code of ethics and enlist functions and elements
Definition Code of Ethics
A code of ethics is a formal set of moral principles and professional standards that guide nurses in making safe, fair and responsible decisions in patient care.
Functions of Code of Ethics
1. Protects patient rights and dignity
2. Guides nurses in ethical decision-making
3. Promotes safe and quality nursing care
4. Maintains professionalism
5. Prevents harm and promotes good
Elements of Ethical Code
1. Respect for patient
2. Confidentiality
3. Honesty and truthfulness
4. Responsibility and accountability
5. Justice and fairness
6. Beneficence (doing good)
7. Non-maleficence (avoiding harm)
Q4(B) Define admission and discuss nurse’s responsibilities in admission, transfer and discharge
Definition :Admission is the process of receiving a patient into the hospital for examination, diagnosis, treatment and nursing care.
Nurse’s Responsibilities
During Admission
1. Welcome patient and family
2. Confirm identity and admission details
3. Complete documentation
4. Take vital signs and initial assessment
5. Orient patient to ward, bed, and facilities
6. Check and record personal belongings
7. Provide emotional support
During Transfer
1. Inform patient and receiving department
2. Prepare patient file and reports
3. Ensure safe transportation
4. Accompany patient if needed
5. Give proper handover to next nurse
During Discharge
1. Give discharge instructions
2. Educate about medicines, diet and rest
3. Complete discharge forms
4. Return patient’s belongings
5. Guide about follow-up visits
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