Common Diseases – Study Blog by Dr. Abdul Rehman Yousaf

1. Diabetes Mellitus (Sugar)

🔹 Overview (English)

Diabetes Mellitus, commonly known as diabetes or “sugar disease”, is one of the most widespread chronic illnesses in the world. It occurs when the body cannot properly use or produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels. If untreated, high blood sugar can damage vital organs such as the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves.

🔹 Overview (Urdu)

Diabetes Mellitus, jise aam zuban me “Sugar ki bemari” kaha jata hai, duniya ki sabse zyada paai jane wali chronic diseases me se ek hai. Ye tab hoti hai jab body theek tarah se insulin (wo hormone jo blood sugar ko control karta hai) ko produce nahi karti ya use sahi istemal nahi kar pati. Agar isay control na kiya jaye to high sugar level se dil, gurde, aankhen aur nerves kharab ho sakti hain.

🔹 Causes & Risk Factors (English)

Family history of diabetes

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle

Poor diet (high sugar, processed foods)

Stress and hormonal imbalances

Age over 40 (though now common in younger people too)

🔹Wajuhat aur Risk Factors (Urdu)

1.Agar family me pehle se diabetes hai.. 2.Zyada motapa aur kam physical activity

3.Ghalat diet (meetha aur junk food) 4.Stress aur hormonal problems

40 saal se upar umar (ab to young logon me bhi ziada ho rahi hai)

🔹 Symptoms (English)

Excessive thirst and frequent urination

Extreme fatigue

Unexplained weight loss

Blurred vision

Slow wound healing

Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

🔹 Alamat (Urdu)

Bohat zyada pyaas lagna aur baar baar washroom jana

Thakan ka izafa

Wazan ghair-wazeh tor par kam hona

Nazar dhundhli ho jana

Zakham ka dair tak theek na hona

Haathon aur paon me sunpan ya jhunjhunahat

🔹 Diagnosis (English)

Doctors usually recommend:

Fasting Blood Sugar Test (FBS)

HbA1c Test (3-month sugar average)

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

🔹 Tashkhees ( Urdu)

Doctors aam tor par ye tests karte hain:

Fasting Blood Sugar Test

HbA1c Test (3 mahine ki sugar ki average)

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

🔹 Treatment & Management (English)

Lifestyle modification: healthy diet, regular exercise

Oral medications (like Metformin)

Insulin injections for Type 1 or advanced Type 2 diabetes

Regular monitoring of blood sugar

Avoiding smoking and alcohol

🔹 Ilaj aur Control (In Urdu)

Lifestyle me tabdeeli: sehatmand khana aur exercise

Diabetes ki dawaiyan (Metformin waghera)

Type 1 ya ziada barh gayi Type 2 diabetes me insulin injections

Rozana sugar check karna

Smoking aur sharab se parhez

🔹 Prevention (English)

Maintain healthy weight

Exercise at least 30 minutes daily

Eat a balanced diet (low sugar, high fiber)

Regular medical checkups

🔹 Bachao (In Urdu)

Wazan normal rakhna

Rozana 30 minutes exercise karna

Sehatmand ghiza (kam meetha, ziada fiber)

Regular doctor checkup

🔹 FAQs (English +Urdu)

Q: Can diabetes be completely cured?

A: No, diabetes cannot be permanently cured, but it can be controlled with proper treatment and lifestyle changes.

 Urdu: Nahi, diabetes ka poora ilaj nahi hai, magar sahi ilaaj aur lifestyle se isay control kiya ja sakta hai.

Q: What is the normal fasting blood sugar level?

A: Usually between 70–99 mg/dL.

Urdu: Normal fasting sugar aam tor par 70–99 mg/dL hoti hai.